The second branch is the left CCA, with the left subclavian artery as the third branch. The most common configuration is the three-vessel arch anatomy, where the first branch is the brachiocephalic artery which further branches into the right common carotid artery (CCA) and right subclavian artery. Anatomy and PhysiologyĮxtracranial vessels represent vessels outside the brain and skull. This is of utmost clinical importance for stroke risk stratification as well as providing indications for surgical intervention. Doppler imaging provides a quantitative assessment of velocity, which in combination with grayscale imaging provides a qualitative and quantitative assessment of plaque and stenosis. The evaluation is crucial since the stroke risk increases with the degree of atherosclerotic narrowing leading to flow disturbances. The sonographic evaluation of extracranial carotids is done for screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of atherosclerotic disease, as well as post-intervention analysis. Over the past few decades, Doppler ultrasound has become a primary modality for extracranial carotid assessment because it is readily available, non-invasive, and relatively inexpensive. Summarize the clinical significance of Doppler US of extracranial carotid arteries.Summarize the protocol of Doppler US of extracranial carotid arteries.Summarize the interpretation of Doppler waveforms of extracranial carotid arteries.Summarize the technique of Doppler US of extracranial carotid arteries.This activity reviews the assessment, protocol, and interpretation of Doppler imaging of extracranial arteries. Doppler imaging of the extracranial is routinely performed to assess the atherosclerotic burden of these arteries. Systemic atherosclerosis and atherosclerosis of extracranial and intracranial arteries have been identified as the major cause of ischemic stroke. Stroke is the third leading cause of death and morbidity in the United States.
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